[Share] compose of paper of medical SCI science and technology and contribute skill! (Turn post)

Swine flu vaccince may have medical threat?

[Share] compose of paper of medical SCI science and technology and contribute skill! (Turn post)

The purpose that most person writes paper of science and technology is for advance duty, for promotion, to obtain degree, wait a moment to obtain some kind of honor, the goal is different, but the target is consistent, give paper print. Accordingly, paper of compose science and technology is never-ending. The reason that I consider to every author has a lot of wants to join the procession of paper of compose science and technology, and the sort of achievement feeling that the real significance that writes a paper in fact depends on the knowledge you and others are shared and obtaining affirmation. Today, we publish a paper not little also, memory goes, the sort of excited mood shows already not answer existence, again also hard the sort of feeling with original look for. Understand the experience of our compose paper, it is to want to tell those wanting that write science and technology the paper, hesitate again however begin to write or paint of have no way, or the friends with poorer writing, it is OK after the experiment ends to write paper of science and technology start writing, can make a draft worked out in one‘s mind first, compose one‘s previous experience of beardless specialized subject, great majority is become a monk late in life, should believe oneself [1-4] .

Be engaged in writing of paper of science and technology, OK and clear experience went to what the paper that he writes can be given by most periodical print to experience, the meeting in the heart has one to plant hard of Yan Yu experience, among them labyrinthian, with the experience of editorial office come and go, and let every however with the friendship that edit and builds between ancestors always unforgettable however, this writes paper of science and technology to those wanting and be hard to introductory friends have a few edificatory probably.

Feature of paper of 1 medical science and technology reachs classification

The main feature of paper of 1.1 medicine science and technology [2, the 4-7] definition to paper of paper of science and technology, still do not have completely unified understanding at present. But the object that publishs as periodical of science and technology, might as well paper of science and technology the definition is: People is in understanding and the process that transform objective world, pass enough, can repeat its test (the latent capacity) of the practice, make other is able to evaluate the material argumentation with be convinced, announce to accident content is reached or be put in some sort to be like its essence, periodical of science and technology of type of intercurrent watch Yu Zheng or other the narration that gets academia approves a form formally but a general designation is paper of science and technology. Accordingly, paper of complete science and technology should have scientific sex, initiate sex, logic, effectiveness and readability.

① scientific sex -- this is paper of science and technology the feature on methodology, make it and of all literature, aesthetic, of theology wait for an article to be distinguished come. What it describes not just is the proposition that involves science and technical field, and more important is treatise content has scientific and authentic sex, paper of science and technology cannot accept or reject at will by subjective assume or individual likes and dislikes material or conclude, it needs beard basis is mixed enoughly reliable experimental data or phenomenal observation regard make a point as the foundation. Alleged " reliable " it is to show whole experiment process is OK of check test and verify.

② initiate sex -- the soul that is paper of science and technology, it is to have do not be in at the feature of other document. The thing phenomenon that it asks article place announces, attribute, special the pattern that when reaching a thing to move, follows, or of these rules applying must be before place did not see, of initiate or of partial initiate, must discover somewhat, invent somewhat, create somewhat, the repeat that advance somewhat and is not pair of forefathers jobs, imitate or explain.

③ logic -- the structural characteristic that is a paper. Clarity of sequence of thought of its requirement paper, structure rigorous, premise complete, figure standard of correct, symbol, character clear and coherent, chart is purificatory, conclude reasonable, before after breathing out, answer, become a system oneself. The special subject measurement that does not involve by article place how, material of the premise that should have oneself or hypothesis, argumentation and conclude conclusion. Pass the inference, analysis, height that raises academic theory, should not appear out of thin air conclusion or one lot lot do not have a string of foreword data, natural load one‘s writing with fancy phrases that strings together primitive phenomenon.

Sex of ④ effectiveness for a given period of time -- point to a paper express kind. Current, pass the check and approve of the expert of person of the same trade of relevant major only, comment on in the learning of certain standards rejoin on the meeting through, file bring to justice; Or it is complete that the paper of science and technology that publishs on journal of official science and technology just is admitted to be and effective. At this moment, no matter talk literary grace to be published with He Chongwen word, the fact that it indicates to paper institute announces reachs his to carefully to already can be other place application conveniently continuously, make a component in human thesaurus.

⑤ readability -- the literary level that is a paper. A good paper ought to have higher literary level, include content expression to accord with medical habit, grammar rhetorical and appropriate, without disease sentence written or mispronounced character, at the same time crisp, administrative levels is fair, the idea is clear, narrate clarity, judgement is reasonable, conclusion is correct.

The classification of paper of 1.2 medicine science and technology is strict and it is very not easy also to undertake scientificly classified to paper of science and technology, because go analysing from different point of view; Can have different classified result. Can divide from the course content of the article for example, from the article publish formal cent, from the narration of the article the purpose is divided, person and... . And this problem itself is not the mainest purpose to present discussion. To periodical of science and technology contribute for the editor, more heavy if be in paper compose, when revise and editing treatment, how to capture the characteristic of the crucial point of the article and different type article. For this, can make the classification that be as follows to paper of science and technology temporarily.

① argumentation -- the file of propositional to fundamental sexology treatise and proof. If be opposite the number that medicine concerns, manage, change, day, ground, unripe of the axiom that waits for the applied sexology division with fundamental course numerous etc, theorematic, principle, principle or hypothesis build, argumentation and its suitable scope, the discussion of use condition.

Report of ② science and technology -- in GB GB7713-87, saying report of science and technology is the result that the result that describes research of a technology or progress or research of a technology experiment and evaluates; Perhaps discuss the file of the current situation of some technology issue and development. A kind of special case that record and narrate article is it (a lot of clinical report) that are like medical domain. Plan of a lot of professional technologies, project and the feasibility that study a plan prove an article, yi Ke includes this type. Such article should provide the sufficient information that researchs a project commonly. Of source accurate with all ready, include positive and negative the result of two respects and experience, often make it becomes the basis of further research and basis. Report of science and technology paper holds the majority of document of modern science and technology.

③ discovers / invention -- record and narrate is discovered rule of the setting of thing or incident, phenomenon, substaintial, character and its movement change and mankind use this kind of document that discovers foreground. The effect that elaborates form of the medical treatment equipment that is invented, system, tool, material, craft, prescription or method, function, characteristic, principle and use condition file.

④ computation -- put forward or discuss different type (the value side include to differ and initiative condition) the numeric calculation method of mathematical physics equation, other series or digital operation, structure of the applied principle in different domain, number, operation method mixes CAD and computer analysis of astringent, stability, precision. It often is the base that computer software develops further.

⑤ overview -- this is paper of a kind of more special science and technology, asking to considering to initiate sex is had on content at it with the main distinction of paper of general science and technology, although a good overview literary works often also includes to have the new material that certain and previous have not has published and new idea, but its requirement contributor already had data base to go up in integration analysis and evaluation, the development that puts forward to concern professional task inside specific period evolves into the rule and trend. The theme that summarizes an article is common more general, length allows to grow a bit, its write a law to have two kinds normally: With the assemble document data is given priority to one kind, complementary with annotate, comment objective and less. The year overview of the course with certain more active development belongs to this; Another kind is emphasized comment. Through reviewing, observe and look into, put forward logical, have the view that edifies a gender and proposal. The compose demand of this kind of article is higher, have authority (like expert commentary) . The further progress that often can discuss subject to place rises to conduct action.

⑥ is other model -- case report, ill case discusses, translation.

2 writing measure

2.1 collect arrange data data to want true, of the data getting is the first-hand stuff that the author is investigated personally or undertakes laboratory is obtained certainly. is by no means dummy, forge or " assume sth as a matter of course " . All data in the paper want faithful at factual material, must pass repeatedly test and verify, should have according to can be being checked, cannot subjective assume, practise fraud. All number undertake according to must choosing appropriate statistical method statistic is handled. Computation data uses sheer number, frank, per cent, OR value, standard by accident, be restricted to wait authoritatively, statistic uses a figure, round figure, line attempt, the analysis uses χ 2 examine; Grade number is mixed according to usable order, ridit analysis, statistic uses a figure, round figure, the analysis is mixed with order examine, ridit analysis; Metric data is used all count, median, standard deviation, standard by accident, 100 minutes of digit, referenced value, statistic uses histogram, the analysis examines with T, variance analysis, wait with recursive analysis related; Reaction time uses year of recrudesce to lead, year survival rate, in live time, statistic uses survival rate curve, survival rate a flight of stairs pursues, dangerous rate plan, the analysis uses special statistical method, live namely analysis (Survivalanalysis) .

2.2 writing outline to write outline is secure structure of text of medical science and technology, conception come down, it is perfect conception, make conception consecution is changed, careful a kind of when change effective method, of course you also can make good a draft worked out in one‘s mind. The benefit that writes outline is you can decide you study positive result total outline, logistic order, can make you clear understand your place to study a task, won‘t cause paper disorder, even repeats [2, 3, 7] . Text structure should be clear and clear, to big theme, should ask to try to differentiate by each periodical crosshead comes layer upon layer specification. If do not have crosshead, the reader is read rise very demanding, show desultorily, such article reader does not like.

2.3 compose become draft first draft to answer get sth done without any letup, and not when otherwise those who write go looking later in front satisfactory. The reader that begin to learn writes a paper goes ceaselessly very easily upgrade looks, whether word clerical error, paragraph is coherent etc. Remember, this is first draft only, revise even later, often look round, can affect oneself train of thought. After first draft is finished, careful read remaining part from the beginning. Look have wrongly written or mispronounced characters, whether does grammar have a problem. After the paper has been written, still should revise repeatedly, will dispensable word, sentence, needless data, even chart is deleted. The attention has the content that do not have character and watch or pursues to repeat. The most important is the problem that whether said to be clear that you study, take the subject that you write down, look to whether run inscribed. To paragraph, want those who notice paragraph to form onefold, complete, paragraph with Duan Zhi between join coherent, compact; To the sentence, whether every sentence is correct conveyed article content; Apt to looking with the word, whether to accord with phrase of be used to; Modification article must read an article logical, accord with most reader read a habit [5-8] .

Format of 3 research origianl work asks

The compose of paper of medical science and technology has the pattern that it secures, the book of respect of concerned paper compose is not little also (most friend does not read these certainly as dry as a chip insipid book) , can urgent need learns first, when wanting to write a paper, learn again not late also, the key is scientific research selection of subject. Paper of science and technology, study origianl work namely (treatise) main body part is IMRAD format, include foreword, material and method, result, discuss 4 parts, basic writing format summarizes as follows: Article topic: Civil problem wants bright and have distinguishing feature, can cut the specific content that reflects full text truly, need not subhead; Civil problem should compendious, compendious, facilitate even retrieve, do not use arabic numerals or abbreviate word front; Zun Ding case is written, topic of general Chinese article does not exceed 20 Chinese characters, english article topic does not exceed 10 notional word, and be used less as far as possible or need not " research " , " discuss " , " observation " wait for a word. Be like " small rat nature kills and wound what cellular tumour secretes a way to discuss " , can go " discuss " 3 words; "Congenital without gallbladder " , instead " congenital without gallbladder 1 " wait.

Author and unit: The person that the paper signs answer to be confined to attends research to work and can solve concerned problem, the person that can be in charge of to manuscript content, if consider the virgin conception of literary art content or architect; The collection of experimental data can offer interpreter; The careful that can put forward to editorial office changes the person that the opinion undertakes the nucleus is repaired; Answerer can undertake with respect to paper content in academia. The someone else that contributes to studying the job has can put pen of express one‘s thanks to inside. Zun Ding case is written, by contribution size unites sort, comma can be used between the full name " , " separate. When 2 above are like department much unit, use an arabic numerals to make clear respectively in the author‘s top right corner. Do not will by express one‘s thanks to person include a writer in. The unit adds parentheses after the author or have group additionally. Be like: Make Chang Tai １ , 473 hospitals digest liberation army of Pan Bairong 2(1 internal medicine, gansu Province Lanzhou 730070, editorial office of journal of 2 the 4th Military Medical University, cc of short for Shaanxi Province installs 710033) .

Keyword: 3 ～ 8, use Index Medicus as far as possible in those days medical theme word is expressed (MedicalSubject Headings, the word in MeSH) , so that computer international retrieves. Chinese name is used " Chinese theme word is expressed " , " word of annotate of medical theme word arranges a watch " medium translated term, medicine of doctor of traditional Chinese medicine consults " word of theme of medicine of Chinese traditional Chinese medical science is expressed " choose. If the statement that was not collected is necessary to also can be tagged as the keyword truly, chinese and English keyword (semicolon is used between Keywords) " ; " space.

Chinese library classifies date: Should press " Chinese library taxonomy (the 4th edition) " tag. Optional 1 ～ 3, advocate before classifying a platoon, meantime uses semicolon " ; " space.

Document label piles up: Document label piles up the evaluation that is the count that is used at document, raise what retrieve speed and establish, include 5 kinds: A- - theory and applied research paper; B- - practical technology achievement reports (science and technology) , theory study and social practice are summed up (company division) ; C- - business guidance and article of technical management sex; D- - general and dynamic information; E- - file data.

Summary: Study origianl work needs summary of English of attached middle school, both want article meaning to agree, with 200~250 word advisable, should be reportorial sex, can independent existing writings, accessibility database makes document retrieval 2 times use, the requirement presses a purpose (AIM) , method (METHODS, include material) , result (RESULTS, contain main data) with conclusion (CONCLUSION) , namely AMRAC4 hierarchy is written, stress innovation and new discovery. Do not cite graph, watch, formula and bibliographical reference. Use the 3rd person normally write a law, leave out " the article... " , " author... " wait for subject. English summary needs to print 1 page alone, should include civil problem, author to sign to reach Keywords with the unit. Civil problem divides initial of a word, nomenclature or abbreviation capitalization outside, yu Jun the ordinary form of a Chinese numeral. After the name before the author is surnamed, the last name is completely great, the initial of the name is great, double surname and double name all add hyphen, add between the author " , " , be like: Li Xian should be written for LIXi ‘ An, and Li Xian (virtuous, celestial being, first) it is LI Xian.

Footnote: Make clear task sustentation fund and number, whether be national or had reported on the conference internationally, make clear newsletter writer and address. Some periodical ask brief introduction of the 1st author, include a full name, be born year (total number word conveys a law, like 1965-) , sexual distinction, nation, why to save why city (county) the information such as person, title, degree, post, city and zip code, phone, fax and Email. Left column of bottom of footnote park home page, with half column horizontal stroke line and text are separated. The administrative levels of the paper: 1 ～ 3, each administrative levels joins continuation number with the arabic numerals normally, next dot are used between the number of disparate arrangement of ideas " . " be apart, most punctuation is not added at the back of end number. For example: "1 " , "1.1 " , "1.1.1 " , various award a type of local school in ancient times all Zun Ding case, hind empty 1 word is apart from a caption, 1 word is apart from the sky after 2 class caption the text that receive a platoon. The serial number in be being narrated continuously inside text uses ① ... ; ② ... ; ③ ... .

Foreword: Normally 250 words are controlled. The overview stands the purpose of the problem and current situation of domestic and international research, do not make detailed history reviews and sum up, unfavorable draw up article conclusion. If allege " discover first " , " did not appear in the newspaper " , " report first " , must have retrieve adequately and appraisal proof.

Material and method: Ying Xiang is solid, specific, the animal should show quality of breed, male and female, age, style to wait; The patient should show sexual distinction, age, diagnose reach its standard to wait; Decisive reagent, medicines and chemical reagents and test instrument, should show breed, norms, model and origin. Common method can cite document, if have,improve, answer specific description, have but repeatability.

Result: Should press logistic and ordinal true, accurate the earth‘s surface to amount to the data that the institute obtains, can use character, figure or express expression, but 3 person should not repeat. All data need via statistical processing, data of not adduce other, do not spread out discuss, emphasize only or summarize important observation result.

The watch in the result and graph should fewer but better, the issue that the character can show, need not be expressed and pursue. Watch and graph do not repeat same data, its design should understand correctly, easily, have axiomatic sex. Use 3 lines to express (need not end line, ordinate and diagonal, can add auxiliary line) when necessary, print with white paper scale or computer. Express upper part of foreword and watch of the park that express a problem, carry left platoon on the head, unified symbol of metrological unit records the right upper part at the watch, the watch follows Wen Fang buy. Line attempt uses scale of high quality white paper, chinese ink color wants black, line wants divide evenly, graph foreword and graph inscribe park plan lower part, platoon of be placed in the middle. Average figure (include mark to look) width, do not exceed 8cm(only hurdle) or 17cm (double column) ; Constituent photograph pursues with colour (most periodical author should raise send to press to brush cost) , the graph is followed civil, its the reverse side makes clear a graph to foreword and graph are inscribed and indicate with pencil the least usable scope, in loading pasteboard bag. Minor details of graph park language, in text illustration place air gives a picture write on problem of graph foreword, graph and caption. The watch that a few periodical ask to study origianl work, graph needs to be conveyed with English (include a watch to note, caption) , have problem of Chinese and English watch, graph at the same time. When the numerical value that represents an amount with specific unit in chart, should use quantity and the form that the unit compares, be like T/min, p/kPa, c/ (Mol · L-1) .

Significance examines should make clear why to plant method, p is worth (capitalization inclined body) unite commonly record the wrong lower part at the watch, uniform tag with letter of English of the ordinary form of a Chinese numeral of mark of top left corner, namely: AP<0.05, BP<0.01; If have value of another pair of P, criterion CP<0.05, DP<0.01; with this analogize. P>0.05 can be not noted, specific P value should be made clear when special situation, be like P=0.00126, corresponding English letter is used inside the watch note the top right corner at data.

The book of quantity, unit and number keeps regulation and number long make an appointment with regulation to press newest state level completely. When a series of numeric unit of measurement are identical, can be in most end indicates after a numerical value unit, like 5, 10, 15, 20, 25mol · L-1. The range of value of a quantity with same unit, if L-1 of · of L-1~15 Mol of 10 Mol · can be written,become 10~15mol · L-1. Numeric deviation is like 1 ℃ of 25 ± to should be written into (1 ℃ of ℃ of 25 ± 1) or 25 ℃ ± , 30 thousand ～ 80 thousand cannot write 3 ～ 80 thousand, 50% ～ 80% cannot write into 50 ～ 80% , 105 ～ of 3 × 8 × 105 cannot write into 3 ～ 8 × 105, 4 Cm of × of 3 Cm of bulk 2cm × cannot be written into 2 × 3 × 4 Cm or 3 × of 2 × 4 Cm3, 5 μ Mol is not written into 5 × 10-6mol. Complete number not divide with a hyphen at the end of a line, measure the effective digit of data, by the precision decision that measures an instrument, allow last to have an error only, the number in front is not due error. In X ± S denotive in a group of number, considering individual mutation, locate commonly with the 1/3 of S, for example 3614.5g ± 420.8 G, the 1/3 of S is 140.9 G about. Average wave motion is in 100 digit, reason should be written into (3.6 ± 0.4)kg. , overmuch digit is insignificant. Be like 0.27 Cm of 8.40 Cm ± again, s/3=0.09, amount to decimally hind the 2nd, the effective digit that reason counts this groups, should write decimally hind two. Redundant digit travel is one-time repair about, be less than 5 take out namely, be more than 5 carry; Meet 5 when, left Fang Weiji counts if to be entered, even number is not entered; With two fraction is exemple, → of 0.56;0.5650 of → of 0.55; 0.5550 of → of 0.5561 → 0.56;0.5548 0.56. Fractional criterion horizontal stroke is written, be like 2/3, 1/5. The arabic numerals need not be in as far as possible sentential begin [7] .

Discuss: Appropriate is sufficient and crisp, the key wants development and highlight, emphasize discuss new discovery and the conclusion that reach from this and point of view. The content that avoids to should bring into foreword (like document content) put in discuss, do not repeat the content that already had narrated in the result, should contact experiment purpose and trial verdict, contact this research result and other result, point out the meaning that studies a result originally and limitation. Avoid inference too far, immature judgment and evaluation are undeserved, avoid the job to have not be over to achievement puts forward or allude requirement initiate to counterpoise, tentative idea and proposal can offer when reason is sufficient, but want just right [9] .

Express one‘s thanks to: It is right this task has actual contribution, right manuscript has been made revise, provide sample, assistance the relevant person such as cartography of experiment, help, tabulation and statistic thankses, be recruited is gotten by express one‘s thanks to person agree to sign.

Bibliographical reference: By Wengehuage normally type is written, cite should sufficient, with reading nearly 1 ～ 3 years personally source periodical (if ten thousand number of squares occupies Www.isinet.com) serious work is given priority to, do not cite to send watch and the article of the periodical that be not a source and translation not publicly. Bibliographical reference should be pressed appear to book order early or late inside article, after article of every bibliographical reference inscribes, some periodical requirement adds document type to mark: Magazine [J] , monograph [M] , dissertation [D] , paper market [C] , newspaper article [N] , standard [S] , report [R] , patent [P] . To the separate out document that monograph, paper amasses, its document type uses character " A " , right other the document that did not explain adopts monomial parent " Z " . When bibliographical reference cites, its serial number is noted within square brackets of top right corner, be like: Xu Changtai [1] reports... , the change of peptide of the nerve in organization of cancer of the stomach already had document to report [3-6, 9] , consult document [7] the method determines the content of the SIL2 in serum, language minor details presses quotation order to list, the accuracy that notices document without fail and integrality > Http://periodical1.chinainfo.gov.cn, medlinewww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, SCIwww.isinet.com) serious work is given priority to, do not cite to send watch and the article of the periodical that be not a source and translation not publicly. Bibliographical reference should be pressed appear to book order early or late inside article, after article of every bibliographical reference inscribes, some periodical requirement adds document type to mark: Magazine [J] , monograph [M] , dissertation [D] , paper market [C] , newspaper article [N] , standard [S] , report [R] , patent [P] . To the separate out document that monograph, paper amasses, its document type uses character " A " , right other the document that did not explain adopts monomial parent " Z " . When bibliographical reference cites, its serial number is noted within square brackets of top right corner, be like: Xu Changtai [1] reports... , the change of peptide of the nerve in organization of cancer of the stomach already had document to report [3-6, 9] , consult document [7] the method determines the content of the SIL2 in serum, language minor details presses quotation order to list, notice the accuracy of document and integrality without fail.