Modern medical is supersonic diagnostic appearance new technology develops a characteristic

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Supersonic diagnostic method builds medical to go up in the base that supersonic project technology expands medicine. But the particularity that because human body organizes the diversity of organic oneself, complexity, physiology and pathology,organizes, realizing accurate supersonic examine to break is by no means easy thing, this to medicine development of supersonic project technology raised very tall requirement. The clinical diagnostic application of extensive development, promoted medicine further the development of supersonic project technology. From 20 centuries 70 time arrive 90 time, technology of technology of sonic transducer of much Zhen Yuanchao, digital scanning changeover, supersonic Duopule detects the breakthrough of the great skill such as technology of figuration of beam of technology, number, effectively stimulative medicine is supersonic the development of diagnostic appearance, the bitter fleabane break out that promoted medicine to exceed acoustical image to diagnose is exhibited and apply deep. Because low intensity is supersonic,do not produce loss to human body organization, make supersonic image diagnoses the first selection technology that makes medical image diagnose. Modern medicine is supersonic diagnostic appearance already was newest medicine the child that technology of processing of the research of supersonic foundation theory, new-style material that suppress report and supersonic transducer development, computer, acoustic imaging and information transmit technical photograph to be united in wedlock. 70 time with B model supersonic show it is a feature like the technology, much general of 80 time color straps blood stream to become it is a feature like the technology, 90 time are become with supersonic body resemble be a feature. And current medical science is supersonic development characteristic basically reflects diagnostic new technology to be changed in broadband belt, digitlization, muti_function change, multidimensional change the integrated application that reachs 5 sides such as informatization to go up, trend of this one development is in 90 time later period is apparent with each passing day already, also guiding future the innovation thinking that ultrasonic diagnostic device develops advanced medical science.





One, broadband belt is changed


The development of technology of broad frequency band involves new-style broadband to exceed sonic transducer (probe) signal of development, broad frequency band is received, processing reachs indication technology, reflect the technical level of yuan of probe development and processing of many the new-style material that suppress report, signal of broad frequency band actually. Inchoate application is nominal frequency is 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, the probe that wait is 10MHz commonly point to its center frequency, f of its bandwidth Δ is 1MHz about, this kind of probe can call probe of tape of single center frequency, still apply in great quantities at present, its inadequacy is in is deep organization echo loss of high frequency signal is bigger, the influence makes the definition of an image and sensitivity. 80 time metaphase, people basis is supersonic the attenuation rule in biology organization and the influence that its resemble to supersonic graph, developed probe of broad frequency band, if central frequency is the probe of 3.5MHz, can produce the ultrasonic of 2.5~6MHz, its are effective bandwidth can achieve 3MHz left and right sides, detect resolution can rise as a result of high frequency rate when expressing shallow organization, and when be being organized to deep by inferior frequency forms the echo signal with less attenuation, make deep organizes a structure thereby be able to clearer picture shows, because this is in of probe of broad frequency band detect next picture that can form much frequency to form, call shirt-sleeve image technology again. This also is the application that processes a technique with signal of dynamic filter wave is inseparable, at the same time passageway of whole signal processing is answered carry a rate that also should raise corresponding broadband.





90 time, probe of frequency band of He Chaokuan of probe of frequency conversion broadband wins application, can alternate with a probe for example generation 2.5, 3.5, the ultrasonic that 6MHz is central frequency, small organ probe can arise 5, 7, the ultrasonic of 9MHz center frequency, width of its frequency band can achieve 8MHz above. Exceed probe of broad frequency band to already can produce the ultrasonic of 1.8~12MHz, the probe in art can launch the ultrasonic of 6~15MHz, OK and accurate show simple table is hemal wall and inside film. Ultrahigh frequency probe can produce the ultrasonic of 60~100MHz, raised the skin and the resolution that express shallow organization greatly. Change the application of probe of central frequency broad frequency band goes to the lavatory to diagnosed a doctor to offer, also can obtain more clear picture more easily, rose to detect sensitivity and dynamic limits. But believe comparing of a confusion of voices to drop somewhat.





Broadband belt is changed is medicine supersonic the main technique of diagnostic appearance develops. Actually supersonic 2 times harmonic signal is received with processing, also be the bandwidth of patulous signal. And pseudo-random and random and supersonic blast off to study with what explore, will make supersonic frequency band is close to infinite bandwidth. Can show inside extremely wide spectrum range with diagnose. But theoretical analysis makes clear, the fore-and-aft resolution of acoustical image as bandwidth increase and rise, and letter a confusion of voices is compared (S/N) and transverse resolution drop. When dimensional resolution is higher, time resolution drops. Because this launchs broad frequency band,the technology must consider a variety of factors eclectically.





2, digitlization


The development that digitlizes a technology and application are accompanying contemporary B model supersonic the whole process that shows progress resembling appearance. Say commonly, before can dividing amount to word to change aftertreatment and digitlization again (upright) processing develops level twice. Be in early 70 time metaphase, applied number scanning is changed (DSC) technology, after the imitate signal such as enlarge of the buy before it organizes what receive by transducer classics of interfacial echo signal, radio frequency enlarge, video enlarge is handled, control A/D changeover to become digital signal to enter image memory via the personal computer in DSC again, the image number signal that numerates by frame then becomes imitate signal to enter picture tube to undertake indication via D/A changeover again. Apparent DSC technology is the digitlization aftertreatment technology that in echo imitate signal handles junior travel one kind, bring B by it model supersonic show significant revolutionary progress when resemble appearance, the memory that it realized image, freeze, without twinkle and ash rank TV shows, as the application of high speed parts of an apparatus, realized real time trends to show stage by stage, obtained the bitter fleabane break out of clinical application to exhibit.





80 time metaphase, international appeared to become evolution of passageway of single before signal blast off at the same time and receive processing 128 echo signal, control by personal computer, mix operation by model, number, computation goes out accord with acoustics and academic calculative every echo beam (namely beam figuration implement) , by software pilot acoustical lens (DCLS) makes dynamic focusing, trends become mark, dynamic bore diameter and enhance processing, this is the front digitlization processing that realizes echo signal by software control actually, at the same time processing raised much passageway to become like speed. Subsequently, appeared again what with pilot of personal computer of operation of total number word signal of 128 passageways echo undertakes front number is handled is supersonic show like diagnostic appearance. Theoretic, technology of figuration of beam of total number word can decrease further nonlinear of attenuation defer relevant and lack fidelity transmit a loss with signal, came true to press beam of focusing of dot elephantine element. In digitlization supersonic on the foundation of diagnostic appearance, developed complete digitlization further supersonic diagnostic appearance, already amounted to become a useful person of entity of beam of word of 512 a movement in martial arts now. It still included a number to image manages and file (PACS) and digital image are transmitted wait for a system.





3, muti_function change


The basis is supersonic the newest progress that studies with theory of biology interaction foundation, development detects newly parameter is used at clinical medicine, perforative from beginning to end medicine is supersonic the development process of diagnostic appearance, if use the difference that organizes impedance of interfacial sound character at first, detect the interface is retrorse echo signal, those who formed initial stage is black and white ash rank B supersonic image, go up in the foundation of supersonic Doppler effect after that, the supersonic Duopule that uses blood stream to form frequency moves to detect thereby velocity of flow, much general straps the color that immediately develops to indicate flow direction with color again to resemble a technology. What this two old techniques detect is acoustical impedance moves with frequency respectively parameter. The discovery of new parameter and application, will bring about medicine the development of ultrasonic device and function increase. Since 90 time metaphase, development of a few new parameter is brought supersonic of diagnostic appearance muti_function change.





1.Energy plan


Energy plan is built using supersonic Duopule the method detects slow on the foundation of signal of fast blood stream. But eliminate frequency moves signal, use the extent signal that forms by erythrocyte scattering energy only. It shows petty blood-vessel distributings OK and outstandingly, do not suffer the effect of blood stream angle and flexibility, call skill of radiography of supersonic blood stream again. The directional energy plan that develops recently used amplitude and frequency to move in the round signal, call spoke to add up to complete color much general to strap again sometimes (CovergentColor Doppler, CCD) . Can show blood-vessel distributings already, can check haemorrhage sheds average rate, provided new method to diagnose.





2.Harmonic is become picture


Normally supersonic transducer suppresses report mediumly brace up child with natural frequency resonance, ultrasonic of emissive fundamental frequency. If produce frequency,for fundamental frequency severalfold ultrasonic calls N second harmonic. Supersonic 2 times harmonic is become resemble even if use those who receive the 2 times supersonic signal at fundamental frequency to collect useful information and combine place to show to go up like the graph. 2 harmonic signal issues ability to inspire generation in specific situation only, be received by tall acute and supersonic transducer. Because acoustical attenuation and frequency square become scale, 2 harmonic are normally supersonic signal is very weak. 2 harmonic that use at present are become basically have two kinds like the technology, organize harmonic naturally 2 times to become namely resemble and 2 times harmonic becomes radiography agent picture. Former come from what organize a generation at detecting is nonlinear acoustics effect. Latter comes from the shock wave signal that at radiography agent small bleb sudden burst place generates. Use supersonic 2 times harmonic is become resemble can diagnosing surviving condition of heart function and cardiac muscle further, also can be analysis of ration of cardiac muscle density to provide a basis. Cent harmonic (Subharmonic) is become developing like the technology, what it uses is organization of exploration human body of 1/2 or 1/3 fundamental frequency, can reduce acoustical attenuation, raise side direction resolution.





Parameter of 3. organization feature is become picture


Diagnostic ration changes the end that is supersonic medicine and engineering pursuit all the time. Already was opposite at present constituent speed, stretch, B/A(is nonlinear acoustical parameter) measure obtain significant progress, use supersonic Duopulefa to divide measure outside be being spent with indication blood velocity of flow, to the fast campaign of ventricular cliff face is similar OK applying, form constituent rate picture. Another kind of method is to use tall frame frequency to collect a technology, its frame frequency but close 400Hz left and right sides, gather the athletic trends information of entire room wall with high speed, next again color (speed) information and organization interblend of ash rank signal closes, show the state that motion organizes thereby. Organize stretch acoustic imaging (Sonoelastogram) report organizes stretch feature. It uses tailor-made and supersonic source to undertake to be being measured to organize radiation is stimulated brace up, measure its trends displacement, give corresponding stretch coefficient to try to show by meet an emergency and radiant emitance computation. Can show constituent flexibility and ageing state.





Also can produce harmonic to cause when ultrasonic and action of biology organization each other, shock wave nonlinear acoustics phenomenon. By nonlinear acoustics equation place is derivative nonlinear the inadequacy that acoustical parameter B/A made up for linear parameter not only, go up objectively to also mirror biology to organize on the other hand characteristic, consider to make clear, the 10 times above that common sound spectrogram resembles the image contrast tower above that uses B/A parameter to form, it is those who organize physiology and pathology state to be asked for surely provided powerful tool.





4.Compound image technology


Most what appear first is technology of much frequency image, it uses a broadband to launch probe to launch broadband ultrasonic, and technology of dynamic filter wave is used in receiving a process, make by shallow into deep frequency of reception constituent echo signal by arrive high low grade, form whole even and clear picture. Another kind of method is to control high speed image to collect a system, make firstly the upper edge that image comes from Yu Pin to take width, another comes from the lower edge of frequency band width, receive optionally next become image of definition of one panel height with confluence. Advantageous also blast off with signal, at the same time from same 4 direction that go up collect an area quadruplet picture signal (4 times signal handles a technology) the picture that combines high definition of density of one panel height. Appear again of late the technology that much beam, much angle has compound scanning, can obtain the 9 times information that scans at convention at the same time, improved picture quality further, also increased frame frequency. These technologies aim to overcome the constituent sound attenuation that increases along with exploration distance, an image of distinguish is formed by the echo signal of different frequency.





5.Phasic parameter applies


90 time metaphase, on the base that exceeds acoustic imaging in parameter of long-term application extent, developed use at the same time phasic with extent information into like the technology, namely signal handles be concerned with to resemble a technology. It has 256/512 passageway of several word processing, use much beam take shape at the same time implement obtain amplitude and phasic data, use next form picture unit. Can will become raise one times like speed, rose to diagnose resolution greatly. Another kind is when photograph or technology of time domain analysis, build the foundation with the analysis is collected to go up in echo signal high speed, what used campaign essentially is phasic, automatic when photograph indication technology can use analytic heart whole and local campaign condition and function. And the time domain angiography that is a foundation with technology of time domain analysis and speed are become resembled also providing new information to diagnose.





6.Analyse a technology automatically


90 time, b supersonic all sorts of measurement of diagnostic appearance with computational function gradually software package is changed, and measure should choose corresponding menu first. Use different measurement menu operation can analyse a heartbeat automatically (HR) , heart index (CI) , every wrestle outputs an index (SI) , use femur to grow (diameter of FL) , double top (bursa of BPD) , pregnant (GS) forecast fetal expected date of childbirth to reach grow the curve, stock is returned on a few instruments a few experts diagnose a system, for the user the analysis provides important reference.





4, multidimensional change


Although transducer is much blast yuan with technology of broad frequency band, number scanning changes technology of become a useful person of entity of beam of technology, number, supersonic Duopule the effectively such as the technology promotes medicine supersonic the leap of technology of 2 dimension image develops, but the part that also discovers in development application its are insufficient: Lang department mires already boil is finer knock at plaque to see bowstring of cleanse Su Lang wring φ Pu to look for look Jian? of  of е of cellar of guanidine of which τ ancienting name for a water catltrop becomes signal of area of clearance resembling an area to lose; to accept structure of check body space is; of impression of complex of the instant in diagnosing doctor cerebra intervening sex. Realize supersonic body to become picture (UltrasonicVolumeImaging) makes the trend that supersonic diagnostic technology develops medical science, and collect body with all sorts of means high speed yuan elephantine element (Voxel) is technical key, the style picture that makes from this made up for the inadequacy of planar acoustic image not only, and medicine supersonic diagnose push to multidimensional change new level. Say strictly, indication space configuration and structure (X, y, of Z) is three-dimensional parameter image, can show the structure moves (X, y, z, v) is image of 4 dimension parameter, namely dynamic body is become picture. And what can show dynamic blood stream at the same time on dynamic style picture is 5 dimension (X, y, z, t, v) parameter image, can call chromatic trends body to become picture. At present body yuan become like element resemble already having pattern of 5 kinds of observation namely indication mode of indication mode of the exterior mode, least value, maximum, kind X ray mode reachs ash rank to impose colour rank pattern. The put oneself in another‘s position that can indicate with 5 kinds of mode at the same time is become have higher technical level like appearance. Rebuild the speed of image of element of elephant of a body, already the operation ability with chip of high speed operation, also related to operation software, already can amount to at present a body rebuilds to resemble element image inside 0.3s, can rebuild entirely inside 10 more than second style picture. Rise rebuild speed is one of crucial questions that remain to consider. At present implementation body is become resemble having two kinds of ways roughly, it is to use three-dimensional probe to realize dimensional scanning, rebuild style picture. 2 it is to use image to handle workstation to add memory image is collected to rebuild next on lead plane style picture, former relatively quick, and distortion factor is minor.





5, informatization


80 time, supersonic diagnostic technology began the process of informatization stage by stage, now is as synchronous as the development of the Information Industry advancement almost. 80 time initial stage already had a variety of application computers to process B supersonic image, in increasing cheap B supersonic the function of diagnostic appearance, can nigrify is white the instrument implementation bogus that ash rank shows collects encode to show, can exceed image to undertake enlarge to B, increase, median filter wave, image inverts, the brim increases wait for image aftertreatment function, there still is image to file on a few processor reach the function such as diagnostic report. This kind of processor increased B model supersonic the function of diagnostic appearance, brought a lot of advantage to diagnostic doctor. 90 time are in a lot of intermediate the B that ash rank shows supersonic there already was stronger computer picture to handle a function on diagnostic appearance, realize a variety of image processing and commutation, image memory is answered put can amount to 8~96, automatic computation and report, still have fetal grow curve, produce period forecast wait for all sorts of function curves to show, information processing ability increases apparently. 90 time metaphase, the image with a variety of powerful functions handles workstation to come out in succession, besides afore-mentioned functions, can file image 10 thousand above, can rebuild by 2 dimension image three-dimensional image (it is exterior mode indication) mostly at present, can connect with Internet, and realized long-range image to deliver on a few processor again of late reach long-range consultation, and have this kind of function in the oneself in a few high-powered appearance, supersonic diagnostic informatization is developing ahead stage by stage, this gives supersonic diagnose bring revolutionary progress. The capacity that a variety of technologies use integratedly and level, also be to measure modern medicine supersonic the important sign of diagnostic appearance function.